原创 如何用python自动化微信小程序 本文介绍了整个微信小程序的自动化过程。我已经将全部源码上传到后台上，关注文章底部公众号后回复「kja」即可获得。你的肯定是我最大的鼓励和支持。 2. 原创 如何在实体手机上，保证手机能够正常运行uiautomator2，并安装ATX-agent 如何在实体手机上，保证手机能够正常运行uiautomator2，并安装ATX-agent。以小米手机为例子，首先打开 设置-更多设置-开启开发者模式。如果初始化完成后，发现手机并没有安装ATXagent应用。说明设备未认证（unauthorized），此时，当你看到这个，就说明手机安装成功了环境。需要记得，将 USB安装 勾选上。 原创 address localhost is already in use（端口被占用）Windows系统问题解决 在学习编程的过程中，我们或许会遇到端口被占用的情况，因而导致程序启动不了。这种情况只需要找到占用端口的进程，然后在中关闭改进程即可解决问题。后面补加的图。 原创 mitmproxy的介绍以及配置过程中的问题 提示：以下是本篇文章正文内容，下面案例可供参考。 FinalShell 中文安装包 FinalShell 一款可以替代XShell 的ssh 客户端软件，不仅是 ssh 客户端软件，还是功能强大的开发及运维的工具。可以满足我们的工作需求 主要特性:.

net版本问题: 检查是否安装. reres chrome插件v1. app自动化课程的简介和介绍 app自动化课程的简介和介绍. windows 生成RSA公钥和私钥openssl. exe工具 1、打开 openssl.

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Audio player loading…. PC Gamer Newsletter Sign up to get the best content of the week, and great gaming deals, as picked by the editors. For YIQ, YUV and OHTA use the red channel. For example, OHTA is a principal components transformation that puts most of the information in the first channel. Here we have Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression. See the -function operator for some multi-parameter functions.

See the -fx operator if more elaborate calculations are needed. The behaviors of each operator are summarized in the following list. For brevity, the numerical value of a "pixel" referred to below is the value of the corresponding channel of that pixel, while a "normalized pixel" is that number divided by the maximum installation-dependent value QuantumRange.

If normalized pixels are used, they are restored, following the other calculations, to the full range by multiplying by QuantumRange. The specified functions are applied only to each previously set -channel in the image. If necessary, the results of the calculations are truncated clipped to fit in the interval [0, QuantumRange ].

To print a complete list of -evaluate operators, use -list evaluate. AddModulus has been added as of ImageMagick 6. It is therefore equivalent to Add unless the resulting pixel value is outside the interval [0, QuantumRange ]. Exp or Exponential has been added as of ImageMagick 6. The value used with Exp should be negative so as to produce a decaying exponential function. Non-negative values will always produce results larger unity and thus outside the interval [0, QuantumRange ].

The formula is expressed below. If the input image is squared, for example, using -function polynomial "2 0 0" , then a decaying Gaussian function will be the result.

Log has been added as of ImageMagick 6. This a scaled log function. The value used with Log provides a scaling factor that adjusts the curvature in the graph of the log function. The formula applied to a normalized value u is below. Pow has been added as of ImageMagick 6. Note that Pow is related to the -gamma operator.

For example, -gamma 2 is equivalent to -evaluate pow 0. The value used with -gamma is simply the reciprocal of the value used with Pow. Cosine and Sine was added as of IM v6. The synonyms Cos and Sin may also be used. The value scaling of the period of the function its frequency , and thus determines the number of 'waves' that will be generated over the input color range. For example, if the value is 1, the effective period is simply the QuantumRange ; but if the value is 2, then the effective period is the half the QuantumRange.

See also the -function operator, which is a multi-value version of evaluate. Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression over a sequence of images. Ensure all the images in the sequence are in the same colorspace, otherwise you may get unexpected results, e. add -colorspace sRGB to your command-line.

To print a complete list of -evaluate-sequence operators, use -list evaluate. No further options are processed after this option. Useful in a script to force the magick command to exit without actually closing the pipeline that it is processing options from. You can also use the option as a final option on the magick command line instead of an implicit output image, to completely prevent any image write. Note, even the NULL: coder requires at least one image, for it to 'not write'!

This option does not require any images at all. If the image is enlarged, unfilled areas are set to the background color. To position the image, use offsets in the geometry specification or precede with a -gravity setting. To specify how to compose the image with the background, use -compose. The following command reduces or expands a JPEG image to fit on an x display.

If the aspect ratio of the input image isn't exactly , then the image is centered on an x black canvas:. The command can also be used with a ratio. If the image is not already at that ratio, it will be cropped to fit it. The -gravity setting has the expected effects. The following command crops a JPEG image so that it has a ratio:.

This option is most useful for extracting a subregion of a very large raw image. Note that these two commands are equivalent:. This setting suggests a font family that ImageMagick should try to use for rendering text. If the family can be found it is used; if not, a default font e. Note, the family can be a CSS-style font list. For other settings that affect fonts, see the options -font , -pointsize , -stretch , -style , and -weight.

Display co-occurrence matrix texture measure features for each channel in the image in each of four directions horizontal, vertical, left and right diagonals for the specified distance. This option is new as of ImageMagick 6. It transforms an image from the normal spatial domain to the frequency domain.

In the frequency domain, an image is represented as a superposition of complex sinusoidal waves of varying amplitudes. The image x and y coordinates are the possible frequencies along the x and y directions, respectively, and the pixel intensity values are complex numbers that correspond to the sinusoidal wave amplitudes.

See for example, Fourier Transform , Discrete Fourier Transform and Fast Fourier Transform. A single image name is provided as output for this option. However, the output result will have two components. It is either a two-frame image or two separate images, depending upon whether the image format specified supports multi-frame images.

The reason that we get a dual output result is because the frequency domain represents an image using complex numbers, which cannot be visualized directly. Therefore, the complex values are automagically separated into a two-component image representation. The first component is the magnitude of the complex number and the second is the phase of the complex number.

See for example, Complex Numbers. The magnitude and phase component images must be specified using image formats that do not limit the color or compress the image. Thus, MIFF, TIF, PFM, EXR and PNG are the recommended image formats to use. All of these formats, except PNG support multi-frame images. So for example,. The input image can be any size, but if not square and even-dimensioned, it is padded automagically to the larger of the width or height of the input image and to an even number of pixels.

The resulting output magnitude and phase images is square at this size. The kind of padding relies on the -virtual-pixel setting.

Both output components will have dynamic ranges that fit within [0, QuantumRange ], so that HDRI need not be enabled. The first few releases had non-HDRI scaled but HDRI not scaled. The magnitude image is not scaled and thus generally will contain very small values. As such, the image normally will appear totally black.

In order to view any detail, the magnitude image typically is enhanced with a log function into what is usually called the spectrum. A log function is used to enhance the darker values more in comparison to the lighter values.

This can be done, for example, as follows:. where either -contrast-stretch 0 or -auto-level is used to scale the image to full dynamic range, first.

The argument to the -evaluate log typically is specified between and 10,, depending upon the amount of detail that one wants to bring out in the spectrum. Larger values produce more visible detail. Too much detail, however, may hide the important features. The FFTW delegate library is required to use -fft. However, as the real and imaginary components can contain negative values, this requires that IM be configured with HDRI enabled.

In this case, you must use either MIFF, TIF, PFM or MPC formats for the real and imaginary component results, since they are formats that preserve both negative and fractional values without clipping them or truncating the fractional part. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick Usage pages, Fred's Fourier Processing With ImageMagick page or this Wikipedia entry.

By default the FFT is normalized and the IFT is not. This option accepts a color name, a hex color, or a numerical RGB, RGBA, HSL, HSLA, CMYK, or CMYKA specification. See Color Names for a description of how to properly specify the color argument. Enclose the color specification in quotation marks to prevent the " " or the parentheses from being interpreted by your shell. Use this type of filter when resizing or distorting an image. Use this option to affect the resizing operation of an image during operations such as -resize and -distort.

For example you can use a simple resize filter such as:. The Bessel and Sinc filter is also provided as well as a faster SincFast equivalent form. However these filters are generally useless on their own as they are infinite filters that are being clipped to the filters support size. Their direct use is not recommended except via expert settings see below. Instead these special filter functions are typically windowed by a windowing function that the -filter setting defines.

That is using these functions will define a 'Windowed' filter, appropriate to the operator involved. Windowed filters include:. Also one special self-windowing filter is also provided Lagrange , which will automagically re-adjust its function depending on the current 'support' or 'lobes' expert settings see below.

If you do not select a filter with this option, the filter defaults to Mitchell for a colormapped image, an image with a matte channel, or if the image is enlarged. Otherwise the filter default to Lanczos. You can modify how the filter behaves as it scales your image through the use of these expert settings see also -define and -set To extract the data for a raw windowing function, combine it with a ' Box ' filter. For example the ' Welch parabolic windowing function.

Note that the use of expert options is provided for image processing experts who have studied and understand how resize filters work. Without this knowledge, and an understanding of the definition of the actual filters involved, using expert settings are more likely to be detrimental to your image resizing.

This is a simple alias for the -layers method "flatten". Flood fill starts from the given 'seed point' which is not gravity affected. Any color that matches within -fuzz color distance of the given color argument, connected to that 'seed point' will be replaced with the current -fill color.

Note that if the pixel at the 'seed point' does not itself match the given color according to -fuzz , then no action will be taken. This operator works more like the -opaque option, than a more general flood fill that reads the matching color directly at the 'seed point'.

For this form of flood fill, look at -draw and its 'color floodfill' drawing method. Set the font to use when annotating images with text, or creating labels. To print a complete list of fonts, use the -list font option for versions prior to 6. In addition to the fonts specified by the above pre-defined list, you can also specify a font from a specific source.

For example Arial. ttf is a TrueType font file, ps:helvetica is PostScript font, and x:fixed is X11 font. For other settings that affect fonts, see the options -family , -stretch , -style , and -weight.

To specify an explicit font filename or collection, specify the font path preceded with a , e. You can specify the font face index for font collections, e. When used with the mogrify utility, this option converts any image to the image format you specify. For a list of image format types supported by ImageMagick, use -list format.

By default the file is written to its original name. However, if the filename extension matches a supported format, the extension is replaced with the image format type specified with -format. For example, if you specify tiff as the format type and the input image filename is image. gif , the output image filename becomes image. See Format and Print Image Properties for an explanation on how to specify the argument to this option.

The color of the border is specified with the -mattecolor command line option. The size portion of the geometry argument indicates the amount of extra width and height that is added to the dimensions of the image.

If no offsets are given in the geometry argument, then the border added is a solid color. Offsets x and y , if present, specify that the width and height of the border is partitioned to form an outer bevel of thickness x pixels and an inner bevel of thickness y pixels. Negative offsets make no sense as frame arguments. The -frame option is affected by the current -compose setting and assumes that this is using the default ' Over ' composition method.

It generates an image of the appropriate size with the current -bordercolor setting, and then draws the frame of four distinct colors close to the current -mattecolor. The original image is then overlaid onto center of this image. This operator performs calculations based on the given arguments to modify each of the color values for each previously set -channel in the image. See -evaluate for details concerning how the results of the calculations are handled. This is can be considered a multi-argument version of the -evaluate operator.

Added in ImageMagick 6. Here, parameters is a comma-separated list of numerical values. The number of values varies depending on which function is selected. Choose the function from:. To print a complete list of -function operators, use -list function. Descriptions follow. The Polynomial function takes an arbitrary number of parameters, these being the coefficients of a polynomial, in decreasing order of degree.

That is, entering. The Polynomial function can be used in place of Set the constant polynomial and Add , Divide , Multiply , and Subtract some linear polynomials of the -evaluate operator. The -level operator also affects channels linearly. Some correspondences follow. The Polynomial function gives great versatility, since polynomials can be used to fit any continuous curve to any degree of accuracy desired.

The Sinusoid function can be used to vary the channel values sinusoidally by setting frequency, phase shift, amplitude, and a bias. These values are given as one to four parameters, as follows,. where phase is in degrees. The domain [0,1] of the function corresponds to 0 through freq × degrees. The result is that if a pixel's normalized channel value is originally u , its resulting normalized value is given by.

For example, the following generates a curve that starts and ends at 0. The default values of amp and bias are both. The default for phase is 0. The Sinusoid function generalizes Sin and Cos of the -evaluate operator by allowing varying amplitude, phase and bias. The correspondence is as follows. The ArcSin function generates the inverse curve of a Sinusoid, and can be used to generate cylindrical distortion and displacement maps. The curve can be adjusted relative to both the input values and output range of values.

with all values given in terms of normalized color values 0. Defaulting to values covering the full range from 0. The ArcTan function generates a curve that smooth crosses from limit values at infinities, though a center using the given slope value. All these values can be adjusted via the arguments. A number of algorithms search for a target color. By default the color must be exact. Use this option to match colors that are close to the target color in RGB space.

For example, if you want to automagically trim the edges of an image with -trim but the image was scanned and the target background color may differ by a small amount. This option can account for these differences. If the first character of expression is , the expression is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.

See FX, The Special Effects Image Operator for a detailed discussion of this option. The same color image displayed on two different workstations may look different due to differences in the display monitor. Use gamma correction to adjust for this color difference. Reasonable values extend from 0. Gamma less than 1. Large adjustments to image gamma may result in the loss of some image information if the pixel quantum size is only eight bits quantum range 0 to This option is useful if the image is of a known gamma but not set as an image attribute e.

PNG images. Write the "file gamma" which is the reciprocal of the display gamma; e. The radius is only used to determine the size of the array which will hold the calculated Gaussian distribution. The larger the Radius the radius the slower the operation is. This differs from the faster -blur operator in that a full 2-dimensional convolution is used to generate the weighted average of the neighboring pixels.

Sets the current gravity suggestion for various other settings and options. Choices include: NorthWest , North , NorthEast , West , Center , East , SouthWest , South , SouthEast. Use -list gravity to get a complete list of -gravity settings available in your ImageMagick installation.

The direction you choose specifies where to position text or subimages. For example, a gravity of Center forces the text to be centered within the image. By default, the image gravity is undefined. See -draw for more details about graphic primitives. Only the text primitive of -draw is affected by the -gravity option.

The -gravity option is also used in concert with the -geometry setting and other settings or options that take geometry as an argument, such as the -crop option. If a -gravity setting occurs before another option or setting having a geometry argument that specifies an offset, the offset is usually applied to the point within the image suggested by the -gravity argument.

Thus, in the following command, for example, suppose the file image. png has dimensions x The argument to -gravity is Center , which suggests the midpoint of the image, at the point , In addition, the -gravity affects the region itself, which is centered at the pixel coordinate 60, When used as an option to composite , -gravity gives the direction that the image gravitates within the composite.

When used as an option to montage , -gravity gives the direction that an image gravitates within a tile. The default gravity is Center for this purpose. This will use one of the -intensity methods to convert the given image into a grayscale image. Note that a 'colorspace' intensity method will produce the same result regardless of the current colorpsace of the image.

But a 'mathematical' intensity method depends on the current colorspace the image is currently using. While this operation uses an -intensity method, it does not use or set the -intensity setting, so will not affect other operations that may use that setting. A Hald color lookup table is a 3-dimensional color cube mapped to 2 dimensions.

Create it with the HALD: prefix e. You can apply any color transformation to the Hald image and then use this option to apply the transform to the image.

This option provides a convenient method for you to use Gimp or Photoshop to make color corrections to the Hald CLUT image and subsequently apply them to multiple images using an ImageMagick script. Note that the representation is only of the normal RGB color space and that the whole color value triplet is used for the interpolated lookup of the represented Hald color cube image. See also -clut which provides color value replacement of the individual color channels, usually involving a simpler grayscale image.

g: grayscale to color replacement, or modification by a histogram mapping. Use the Hough line detector with any binary edge extracted image to locate and draw any straight lines that it finds. The process accumulates counts for every white pixel in the binary edge image for every possible orientation for angles from 0 to in 1 deg increments and distance from the center of the image to the corners in 1 px increments.

It stores the counts in an accumulator matrix of angle vs distance. Next it searches the accumulator for peaks in counts and converts the locations of the peaks to slope and intercept in the normal x,y input image space. The lines are drawn from the given endpoints. The counts are a measure of the length of the lines.

The WxH arguments specify the filter size for locating the peaks in the Hough accumulator. The threshold excludes lines whose counts are less than the threshold value. Use -background to specify the color of the background onto which the lines will be drawn.

The default is black. Use -fill to specify the color of the lines. Use -stroke and -strokewidth to specify the thickness of the lines. The default is black and no strokewidth. A text file listing the endpoints and counts may be created by using the suffix,. mvg, for the output image. Offsets, if present in the geometry specification, are handled in the same manner as the -geometry option, using X11 style to handle negative offsets.

This information is printed: image scene number; image name; image size; the image class DirectClass or PseudoClass ; the total number of unique colors; and the number of seconds to read and transform the image. Refer to MIFF for a description of the image class. If -colors is also specified, the total unique colors in the image and color reduction error values are printed.

Refer to color reduction algorithm for a description of these values. If -verbose precedes this option, copious amounts of image properties are displayed including image statistics, profiles, image histogram, and others.

It transforms a pair of magnitude and phase images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal or spatial domain. For example, depending upon the image format used to store the result of the -fft , one would use either. The FFTW delegate library is required to use -ift. By default the IFT is not normalized and the FFT is.

reference illuminant. This option takes last image in the current image sequence and inserts it at the given index. If a negative index is used, the insert position is calculated before the last image is removed from the sequence. As such -insert -1 will result in no change to the image sequence. In other words, insert the last image, at the end of the current image sequence.

Consequently this has no effect on the image sequence order. ImageMagick provides a number of methods used in situations where an operator needs to determine a single grayscale value for some purpose, from an image with red, green, and blue pixel components. Typically the RecLuma formula is used, which is the same formula used when converting images to -colorspace gray.

The following formulas are currently provided, and will first convert the pixel values to linear-RGB or non-linear sRGB colorspace before being applied to calculate the final greyscale value. Note that the above R,G,B values is the image's linear-RGB values, while R',G',B' are sRGB non-linear values.

These intensity methods are mathematical in nature and will use the current value in the images respective R,G,B channel regardless of what that is, or what colorspace the image is currently using. These methods are often used for other purposes, such as generating a grayscale difference image between two color images using -compose ' Difference ' composition.

For example The 'MS' Mean Squared setting is good for minimizing color error comparisions. The method 'RMS' Root Mean Squared for example is appropriate for calculating color vector distance, from a color difference image.

This is equivalent to the color only component of the -fuzz factor color compare setting. See also -grayscale which applies one of the above grayscaling formula directly to an image without setting the -intensity setting.

The -colorspace gray image conversion also uses the current intensity setting, but will always convert the image to the appropriate sRGB or linear-RGB colorspace before appling the above function. To print a complete list of possible pixel intensity setting methods, use -list intensity.

Use this option to affect the color management operation of an image see -profile. Choose from these intents: Absolute, Perceptual, Relative, Saturation. The default intent is Perceptual for the sRGB colorspace and undefined for the RGB and gray colorspaces. This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for raw image formats such as RGB or YUV. Partition is like plane except the different planes are saved to individual files e.

R, image. G, and image. Use Line or Plane to create an interlaced PNG or GIF or progressive JPEG image. Set the pixel color interpolation method to use when looking up a color based on a floating point or real value.

When looking up the color of a pixel using a non-integer floating point value, you typically fall in between the pixel colors defined by the source image. This setting determines how the color is determined from the colors of the pixels surrounding that point. That is how to determine the color of a point that falls between two, or even four different colored pixels.

This most important for distortion operators such as -distort , -implode , -transform and -fx. See also -virtual-pixel , for control of the lookup for positions outside the boundaries of the image. Resize with interpolation. See the -interpolate setting. Kmeans iterative color reduction e. Colors is the desired number of colors. Initial colors are found using color quantization.

Processing finishes, if either iterations or tolerance are reached. A color list overrides the color quantization. A non-empty list of colors overrides the number of colors.

Any unassigned initial colors are assigned random colors from the image. The radius is more important than the sigma. The sigma provides a bit of additional smoothing control. Use this option to assign a specific label to the image, as it is read in or created. You can use the -set operation to re-assign a the labels of images already read in. Image formats such as TIFF, PNG, MIFF, supports saving the label information with the image.

When saving an image to a PostScript file, any label assigned to an image is used as a header string to print above the postscript image. You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attribute by embedding special format character. See Format and Print Image Properties for details of the percent escape codes. assigns an image label of MIFF:bird. miff x to the " bird. miff " image and whose width is and height is , as it is read in.

You can remove all labels from an image by assigning the empty string. A label is not drawn on the image, but is embedded in the image datastream via Label tag or similar mechanism. If you want the label to be visible on the image itself, use the -draw option, or during the final processing in the creation of an image montage.

If the first character of string is , the image label is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string. Labels in a file are literal, no embedded formatting characters are recognized. Adaptively threshold each pixel based on the value of pixels in a surrounding window.

If the current pixel is lighter than this average plus the optional offset , then it is made white, otherwise it is made black. Small variations in pixel values such as found in scanned documents can be ignored if offset is positive.

A negative offset will make it more sensitive to those small variations. This is commonly used to threshold images with an uneven background. It is based on the assumption that average color of the small window is the the local background color, from which to separate the foreground color. Handle multiple images forming a set of image layers or animation frames. Perform various image operation methods to a ordered sequence of images which may represent either a set of overlaid 'image layers', a GIF disposal animation, or a fully-'coalesced' animation sequence.

The operators -coalesce , -deconstruct , -flatten , and -mosaic are only aliases for the above methods and may be deprecated in the future. Also see -page , -repage operators, the -compose setting, and the GIF -dispose and -delay settings. Given one, two or three values delimited with commas: black-point, white-point, gamma for example: 10,,1.

Gamma will do a -gamma adjustment of the values. If it is omitted, the default of 1. This provides you with direct contrast adjustments to the image. The ' gamma ' of the resulting image will then be adjusted. From ImageMagick v6. That is a zero, or QuantumRange value black, and white, resp.

in the original image, is adjusted to the given level values, allowing you to de-contrast, or compress the channel values within the image. The ' gamma ' is adjusted before the level adjustment to de-contrast the image is made. Only the channels defined by the current -channel setting are adjusted defaults to RGB color channels only , allowing you to limit the effect of this operator. Please note that the transparency channel is treated as 'matte' values 0 is opaque and not as 'alpha' values 0 is transparent.

Adjust the level of an image using the provided dash separated colors. This effectively means the colors provided to -level-colors is mapped to become 'black' and 'white' respectively, with all the other colors linearly adjusted or clipped to match that change. Each channel is adjusted separately using the channel values of the colors specified.

This can also be used to convert a plain grayscale image into a one using the gradient of colors specified. By supplying a single color with a comma separator either before or after that color, will just replace the respective 'black' or 'white' point respectively. Choose from: width , height , area , memory , map , disk , file , thread , throttle , or time.

The value for file is in number of files. The other limits are in bytes. Define arguments for the memory, map, area, and disk resource limits with SI prefixes. g MB. By default the limits are files, 3GB of image area, 1. These limits are adjusted relative to the available resources on your computer if this information is available.

Below is list of command-line options recognized by the ImageMagick command-line tools. If you want a description of a particular option, click on the option name in the navigation bar above and you will go right to it. Unless otherwise noted, each option is recognized by the commands: convert and mogrify. A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation sigma is used. If sigma is not given it defaults to 1. The sigma value is the important argument, and determines the actual amount of blurring that will take place.

The radius is only used to determine the size of the array which holds the calculated Gaussian distribution. It should be an integer. If not given, or set to zero, IM will calculate the largest possible radius that will provide meaningful results for the Gaussian distribution.

See Image Geometry for complete details about the geometry argument. The -adaptive-resize option defaults to data-dependent triangulation. Use the -filter to choose a different resampling algorithm. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the -gravity option has no effect.

This option is enabled by default. An attempt is made to save all images of an image sequence into the given output file. However, some formats, such as JPEG and PNG, do not support more than one image per file, and in that case ImageMagick is forced to write each image as a separate file. As such, if more than one image needs to be written, the filename given is modified by adding a -scene number before the suffix, in order to make distinct names for each image.

As an example, the command. will create a sequence of 17 images the two given plus 15 more created by -morph , named: my00morph. jpg, my01morph. jpg, my02morph. In summary, ImageMagick tries to write all images to one file, but will save to multiple files, if any of the following conditions exist Set the drawing transformation matrix for combined rotating and scaling.

This option sets a transformation matrix, for use by subsequent -draw or -transform options. The matrix entries are entered as comma-separated numeric values either in quotes or without spaces. Internally, the transformation matrix has 3x3 elements, but three of them are omitted from the input because they are constant. The new transformed coordinates x' , y' of a pixel at position x , y in the original image are calculated using the following matrix equation. The size of the resulting image is that of the smallest rectangle that contains the transformed source image.

The parameters t x and t y subsequently shift the image pixels so that those that are moved out of the image area are cut off. The transformation matrix complies with the left-handed pixel coordinate system: positive x and y directions are rightward and downward, resp.

If the translation coefficients t x and t y are omitted they default to 0,0. Therefore, four parameters suffice for rotation and scaling without translation. Scaling by the factors s x and s y in the x and y directions, respectively, is accomplished with the following.

See -transform , and the -distort method ' Affineprojection for more information. Translation by a displacement t x , t y is accomplished like so:. The cumulative effect of a sequence of -affine transformations can be accomplished by instead by a single -affine operation using the matrix equal to the product of the matrices of the individual transformations.

An attempt is made to detect near-singular transformation matrices. If the matrix determinant has a sufficiently small absolute value it is rejected. Used to set a flag on an image indicating whether or not to use existing alpha channel data, to create an alpha channel, or to perform other operations on the alpha channel. Choose the argument type from the list below. This is a convenience for annotating an image with text. For more precise control over text annotations, use -draw.

The values Xdegrees and Ydegrees control the shears applied to the text, while t x and t y are offsets that give the location of the text relative any -gravity setting and defaults to the upper left corner of the image.

Using -annotate degrees or -annotate degrees x degrees produces an unsheared rotation of the text. The direction of the rotation is positive, which means a clockwise rotation if degrees is positive. This conforms to the usual mathematical convention once it is realized that the positive y —direction is conventionally considered to be downward for images.

The new transformed coordinates x' , y' of a pixel at position x , y in the image are calculated using the following matrix equation. If t x and t y are omitted, they default to 0. This makes the bottom-left of the text becomes the upper-left corner of the image, which is probably undesirable.

Adding a -gravity option in this case leads to nice results. Text is any UTF-8 encoded character sequence. If text is of the form ' mytext. txt', the text is read from the file mytext. Text in a file is taken literally; no embedded formatting characters are recognized. By default, objects e. text, lines, polygons, etc. are antialiased when drawn. This will then reduce the number of colors added to an image to just the colors being directly drawn.

That is, no mixed colors are added when drawing such objects. This option creates a single longer image, by joining all the current images in sequence top-to-bottom. If they are not of the same width, narrower images are padded with the current -background color setting, and their position relative to each other can be controlled by the current -gravity setting.

For more flexible options, including the ability to add space between images, use -smush. Use this option to supply a password for decrypting a PDF that has been encrypted using Microsoft Crypto API MSC API.

The encrypting using the MSC API is not supported. For a different encryption method, see -encipher and -decipher. This works well for real-life images with little or no extreme dark and light areas, but tend to fail for images with large amounts of bright sky or dark shadows. It also does not work well for diagrams or cartoon like images. It uses the -channel setting, including the ' sync ' flag for channel synchronization , to determine which color values is used and modified.

As the default -channel setting is ' RGB,sync ', channels are modified together by the same gamma value, preserving colors. This is a 'perfect' image normalization operator. It finds the exact minimum and maximum color values in the image and then applies a -level operator to stretch the values to the full range of values. On the other hand it is the right operator to use for color stretching gradient images being used to generate Color lookup tables, distortion maps, or other 'mathematically' defined images.

The operator is very similar to the -normalize , -contrast-stretch , and -linear-stretch operators, but without 'histogram binning' or 'clipping' problems that these operators may have. That is -auto-level is the perfect or ideal version these operators.

It uses the -channel setting, including the special ' sync ' flag for channel synchronization , to determine which color values are used and modified. Adjusts an image so that its orientation is suitable for viewing i.

top-left orientation. This operator reads and resets the EXIF image profile setting 'Orientation' and then performs the appropriate 90 degree rotation on the image to orient the image, for correct viewing. This EXIF profile setting is usually set using a gravity sensor in digital camera, however photos taken directly downward or upward may not have an appropriate value. Also images that have been orientation 'corrected' without reseting this setting, may be 'corrected' again resulting in a incorrect result.

If the EXIF profile was previously stripped, the -auto-orient operator will do nothing. The computed threshold is returned as the auto-threshold:verbose image property. This backdrop covers the entire workstation screen and is useful for hiding other X window activity while viewing the image.

The color of the backdrop is specified as the background color. The color is specified using the format described under the -fill option. The default background color if none is specified or found in the image is white. Repeat the entire command for the given number of iterations and report the user-time and elapsed time.

For instance, consider the following command and its output. Modify the benchmark with the -duration to run the benchmark for a fixed number of seconds and -concurrent to run the benchmark in parallel requires the OpenMP feature.

In this example, 5 iterations were completed at 2. This option shifts the output of -convolve so that positive and negative results are relative to the specified bias value. This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing with convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values.

This is especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge detection. Without an output bias, the negative values are clipped at zero. See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page High Dynamic-Range Images.

For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick Usage pages or this Wikipedia entry. A non-linear, edge-preserving, and noise-reducing smoothing filter for images.

It replaces the intensity of each pixel with a weighted average of intensity values from nearby pixels. This weight is based on a Gaussian distribution.

A clip-limit of 2 to 3 is a good starting place e. php请求 Cassandra Walker Pye President Lucas Public Affairs. 原创 Js逆向教程跟值技巧 一般不会出现在jquery成熟的第3仓库里面。jquery是封装好的成熟的第3仓库，一般不会去修改它。因为如果jquery版本提升了，还要去改jquery。 You can define your own threshold map for ordered dithering and halftoning your images, in either personal or system thresholds.

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